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Arabic is a living language
Introduction
Sokoon: " ْ " The Sokoon sign is a small circle placed on the top of the letter. It is used when the Arabic letter is silent, and has no vowel sign on it. The sound of a letter with Sokoon is as the sound of N in WANT
Any time we have a consonant, that does not have a vowel sign, We just add that small circle on the top.
Shaddeh: "ّ ": Doubling of a letter.
Shaddeh is not a letter of the Alphabet, it is just a mark and it is used when we have a double consonant.
If the same consonant is repeated and no vowels comes between the two letters, It is written once only and the Shaddeh sign is placed over the letter.
The Shaddeh sign "ّ " is placed on the top of the letter to denote that a sound is repeated.
The Shaddeh is also accompanied by a haraka (Short Vowel Sign) above it. The Haraka can be either a single vowel or double vowel, in depending on the Haraka the pronunciation is different: * If one Fat-ha or double Fat-ha come with Shaddeh, the Fat-ha sign will be put above the Shaddeh. * If one Dam-mah or double Dam-ha come with Shaddeh, the Dam-mah sign will be put above the Shaddeh. * If one Kas-rah or double Kas-rah come with Shaddeh, the Kas-rah sign will be put underneath the Shaddeh.
Tanween: " ً ٍ ٌ "
Pronouncing the letter N (Noun) at the end of a word. It is denoted in Arabic by doubling the sign of the short vowels:
Fathatain (Double FAT-HA):
It is a double stroke "----ً----" placed on the top of the letter. This mark change the vowel sound associated a letter to "an" instead of "a".
Kasratain (Double KAS-RAH):
It is a double stroke "----ٍ----" placed below the letter. This mark change the vowel sound
associated a letter to "in" instead of "i".
Damatain (Double Dam-mah)
It is a double little stroke "----ُ ُ----" placed on the top of the letter. This mark change the vowel sound associated a letter to "un" instead of "u".
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